home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- <text id=91TT1090>
- <title>
- May 20, 1991: Bumbling Toward The Nobel
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- May 20, 1991 Five Who Could Be Vice President
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- MEDICINE, Page 50
- Bumbling Toward the Nobel
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Finally, a plausible answer to who discovered the AIDS virus:
- the French, though a fluke led to a U.S. breakthrough
- </p>
- <p> Who deserves the credit--and a likely Nobel Prize--for
- being the first to track down the AIDS virus? For more than
- seven years, that question has generated a transatlantic duel,
- during which accusations of mistakes became tainted with bitter
- murmurs about dishonesty, between rival scientists in France and
- the U.S. Now the mystery may have been solved. New evidence to
- be published later this month in the journal Science offers a
- simple explanation of how two laboratories came to claim credit
- for the same discovery.
- </p>
- <p> The slugfest became public after Dr. Robert Gallo and his
- colleagues from the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda,
- Md., announced in 1984 that they had isolated the AIDS virus.
- But it turned out to be virtually identical to one that had
- already been cultured in the lab of Dr. Luc Montagnier of the
- Pasteur Institute in Paris. That was surprising, since strains
- of the AIDS virus from different people have noticeably
- different genetic structures.
- </p>
- <p> Montagnier said he knew why the viruses matched: he had
- sent Gallo samples of the virus in 1983. Though Montagnier did
- not accuse Gallo of intentional wrongdoing, the revelation
- raised suspicions that the brash American had snatched both the
- virus and the discovery from the French. Gallo, however,
- insisted that the American version of the virus was homegrown.
- </p>
- <p> With prestige and profits at stake, the dispute became a
- standoff. Finally, in 1987 the French and U.S. governments
- agreed that the two labs should share credit and split the
- royalties generated by patented AIDS blood tests. But doubts
- remained. A lengthy investigation in 1989 by the Chicago Tribune
- raised once again the possibility that Gallo had stolen his
- competitor's work and prompted Michigan Congressman John Dingell
- to call upon the NIH to investigate Gallo for possible
- misconduct.
- </p>
- <p> Over the past two years, the American has tried to
- exonerate himself by reanalyzing the virus samples sent from
- France in 1983. Last February Gallo triumphantly announced that
- the virus in the French specimens, taken from an AIDS-stricken
- fashion designer known as "Bru," was markedly different from the
- virus discovered in the U.S. But this news only heightened the
- mystery of how the two labs eventually isolated identical
- viruses.
- </p>
- <p> The upcoming article in Science, based on new evidence
- from Montagnier's team, helps solve the puzzle. The French
- researchers have found that one of the specimens from Bru was
- accidentally contaminated in Montagnier's lab by a
- fast-multiplying virus taken from a law student known as "Lai."
- Montagnier's records show that this contaminated Bru sample was
- among those sent to Gallo. Apparently, the Lai virus, which
- spreads easily, also contaminated Gallo's own cultures. When
- Gallo went back to analyze his Bru specimens, he did not find
- the Lai virus because the sample that was contaminated had
- already been used up. Gallo agrees that Montagnier's latest
- theory explaining the mixup is most likely correct.
- </p>
- <p> So how will this chapter read in the history books?
- Probably as a tale of brilliance, bickering and blunders.
- Montagnier apparently isolated the virus first, but there is no
- reason to believe that Gallo purposely stole it. For his part,
- Gallo first used the virus to develop an AIDS blood test. In
- this case, success had two fathers, and both can lay a
- legitimate claim to that coveted Nobel.
- </p>
- <p> By Dick Thompson/Washington. With reporting by Edward M.
- Gomez/Paris
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
-